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William Batchelder Greene (April 4, 1819 – May 30, 1878) was a 19th-century individualist anarchist, Unitarian minister, soldier and promotor of free banking in the United States. ==Biography== Greene was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts,〔 he was the son of the Democratic journalist and Boston postmaster Nathaniel Greene. He was appointed to the U. S. Military Academy from Massachusetts in 1835, but left before graduation. He was made 2nd lieutenant in the 7th infantry in July, 1839, and, after serving in the second Seminole War, resigned in November 1841. Subsequently, he was connected with the Brook Farm movement, after which he studied theology at Harvard Divinity School, graduating in 1845. He was a pastor at a Unitarian church in Brookfield, Massachusetts before leaving to Europe. Greene returned in 1861 to serve in the American Civil War. Although a Democrat, he was a strong abolitionist, and at the beginning of the Civil War became colonel of the 14th Massachusetts Infantry, afterward the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. In 1862, while stationed with his regiment in Fairfax, Virginia, he was recalled and assigned by Gen. George McClellan to the command of an artillery brigade in Gen. Whipple's division. He resigned his commission in October 1862, to continue his travels and writings. Greene is best known for the works ''Mutual Banking'', which proposed an interest-free banking system, and ''Transcendentalism'', a critique of the New England philosophical school. In 1850 and 1851, he organized citizens of Brookfield, Warren and Ware, Massachusetts to petition the state's General Court for a charter to establish a mutual bank. "Upon all the petitions, the Committee on Banks and Banking, after hearing the arguments of the petitioners, reported simply, "''Leave to withdraw!''" (''The Radical Deficiency of the Existing Circulating Medium'' 1857). Similar attempts by the New England Labor Reform League in the 1870s met with similar results. Greene's mutualist banking ideas resembled those of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as the "land banks" of the colonial period. He had an important influence on Benjamin Tucker, the editor of the anarchist journal ''Liberty''. According to James J. Martin, in ''Men Against the State'', Greene did not become a "full-fledged anarchist" until the last decade of his life, but his writings show that he had by 1850 articulated a Christian mutualism, drawing heavily on the writings of Proudhon's sometimes-antagonist Pierre Leroux. (see ''Equality'' 1849, ''Mutual Banking'' 1850)
Greene was a fine mathematician, and was versed in Hebrew literature and in Hebrew and Egyptian antiquities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Batchelder Greene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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